What Was the U.S. Second Party System

The Second Party System is the term used by historians and political scientists to refer to the framework that dominated politics in the United States from about 1837 to 1852. Spurred by the presidential election of 1828, the Second Party System represented a shift toward greater public interest in politics. More people voted on Election Day, political rallies became common, newspapers supported different candidates, and Americans became loyal to any of a growing number of political parties. Key Takeaways: The Second Party System The Second Party System is a term used by historians and political scientists to refer to the political framework existing in the United States from about 1828 to 1854.Following the 1828 presidential election, the Second Party System spurred increasing levels of voter interest and participation in the political process.The Second Party System is the first and only party system in which the two major parties competed on relatively equal footing in every region of the nation.The Second Party System reflected and shaped the American peoples’ political, social, economic, and cultural concerns until it was replaced by the Third Party System in the mid-1850s. Not only did it help increase the American peoples’ interest and participation in shaping their own government as intended by the Founders, the rise of the Second Party System also helped ease the sectional tensions that had led to the Civil War.   Supporters of the system’s two dominant parties—the Democrats and the Whigs—were divided along philosophical and socio-economic lines. While the Democratic Party was the party of the people, the Whig Party generally represented business and industrial interests. As a result, both parties shared the support of people in both the North and the South. History of the Second Party System The Second Party System replaced the First Party System, which existed from roughly 1792 to 1824. The First Party System featured only two national parties: the Federalist Party, led by Alexander Hamilton, and Democratic-Republican Party founded by Anti-Federalist leaders Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. The First Party System largely collapsed during the nation’s so-called â€Å"Era of Good Feelings,† a period immediately after the War of 1812 during which a sense of national purpose and a desire for unity left most Americans disinterested in the partisan differences between multiple political parties. Basically, Americans simply assumed that their elected leaders would govern them well and wisely, no matter which political party they belonged to. During his term in office from 1817 to 1825, President James Monroe epitomized the spirit of the Era of Good Feelings by trying to completely eliminate partisan parties from national politics. The dissolution of the Federalist Party during the era left the Democratic-Republican Party the â€Å"only party standing† as the First Party System ended with the tumultuous 1824 presidential election. The Rebirth of Multi-Party Politics In the 1824 election, there were  four main candidates:  Henry Clay, Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, and William Crawford. All competed as Democratic-Republicans. When none of the candidates won the majority of Electoral College votes required to be elected president, the task of choosing the winner was left to the House of Representatives, where things really got complicated. Based on the Electoral College vote, Jackson, Adams, and Crawford were the final three candidates to be considered by the House. While Henry Clay was not one of the finalists, he was the current Speaker of the House, making it his job to negotiate which one of his three recent rivals would be elected president.  Andrew Jackson had won both the most popular votes and the most electoral votes, but the House elected John Quincy Adams president instead. So grateful was Adams for the victory that he chose Clay to be his Secretary of State. Andrew Jackson vocally declared the election a â€Å"corrupt bargain.† As a hero of both the American Indian Wars and the War of 1812, Jackson was one of the nation’s most popular politicians. With the support of the public and local militia leaders, he created the Democratic Party. Then, with the help of his most influential supporter, Martin Van Buren, Jackson and his new Democratic Party ousted incumbent president Democratic-Republican John Quincy Adams in the presidential election of 1828. As president, Jackson named Van Buren his Secretary of State, and later as his Vice President. Sensing the growing trend of Americans to align with easily identifiable political parties, the Democratic-Republican Party, along with its leaders, John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay, recreated itself as the National Republican Party. Jackson’s War on Banks Solidifies the Second Party System If the 1828 election had not been enough to solidify the peoples’ interest in the spirit of the Second Party System, President Jackson’s war on banks did. Jackson, who had always hated banks, condemned paper money and argued that only gold and silver should circulate. Jackson’s first target, the federally-chartered Second Bank of the United States, operated much like a central bank similar to today’s Federal Reserve System banks. After his banking policies forced the closure of the Second Bank of the United States, Jackson turned against all federally-sanctioned banks. During Jackson’s first term, the Nullification Crisis of 1832 controversially weakened the powers of the states by upholding costly federal tariffs—taxes—imposed on crops and grown in the Southern States. Anger over Jackson’s policies gave rise to the Whig Party. The Whigs were made up mainly of bankers, economic modernizers, businessmen, commercial farmers, and Southern plantation owners, angered at Jackson’s war on banking and his role in the Nullification Crisis. Along with the Democratic and Whig parties, several minor political parties evolved during the Second Party era. These included the innovative Anti-Masonic Party, the abolitionist Liberty Party, and the anti-slavery Free Soil Party. By the mid-1850s the Second Party System would be supplanted by what historians consider the Third Party System, which lasted until about 1900. Dominated by the new Republican Party, the era featured heated debates on issues such as American nationalism, industrial modernization, workers’ rights, and racial equality. The Legacyof the Second Party System The Second Party System aroused a new and healthy interest in government and politics among the American people. As the nation underwent democratization, participation in the political process played a central role in Americans’ lives for the first time since the Revolutionary War.   Prior to the Second Party System, most voters were content to defer to the assumed wisdom of upper-class elite, allowing them to choose their leaders for them. People rarely voted or became engaged because politics seemed unimportant to them. However, the public’s indifference ended  following the 1828 presidential election and the controversies that arose during the Andrew Jackson administration. By 1840, elections at all levels of American government featured appeals to the â€Å"common man,† massive rallies, parades, celebrations, intense enthusiasm, and most importantly, high voter turnout. Today, the legacy of the Second Party System and its reawakening  of public interest in political participation can be seen in the enactment of sweeping social policy such as women’s suffrage, voting rights laws, and civil rights legislation. Sources Blau, Joseph L. ed. Social Theories of Jacksonian Democracy: Representative Writings of the Period 1825-1850 (1947).Ashworth, John. Agrarians aristocrats: Party political ideology in the United States, 1837-1846 (1983)Hammond, J. D., History of Political Parties in the State of New York (2 vols., Albany, 1842).Howe, Daniel Walker (1973). The American Whigs: An Anthology. Online edition

Dreaming from Various Sources - 1456 Words

The objective of this paper is to explore many articles covering the purpose of dreaming from various sources. The articles, however, may vary from researcher to researcher. As such, this paper will also detail the different theories about the usefulness of dreams. This paper will also take time to explain what a dream is, when dreams happen, and what their potential purposes may be. To start this paper, we first must understand what a dream is. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, a dream is a series of thoughts, images, or emotions occurring during sleep. Dreams take the things we see during our waking hours and translate them into unique, sometimes horrifying, and possibly meaningful ways. Dreams could also be representations of subconscious feelings and desires, bubbling up from deep within our psyche. However, the actual purpose of dreams remains a mystery, even to todays foremost experts on this subject. Sigmund Freud attempted to understand what dreams meant; he though t that dreams were safeguards attempt deeper and darker desires from the human minds id. Decades later, scientist John Allan Hobson theorized that dreams are a result of the brain attempting to interpret random electrical impulses within the brain, producing often elaborate and vivid details and plots while we sleep. Other research suggests that dreams are the brains unique way of organizing disparate information; a kind of nightly mental reformatting. The average Joe takes aShow MoreRelatedWakirlpirri Jukurrpa ( Snake Vine Dreaming ) By Liddy Walker Napanagka1436 Words   |  6 PagesWakirlpirri Jukurrpa (Snake Vine Dreaming) by Liddy Walker Napanagka Different Aboriginal groups have a common characteristic and that is that they have a similar belief system which is called the Ê »DreamingÊ ¼. The dreaming may be well known as a religious system but it does not always convey its true eminence. 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Global Poverty Trends and Global Trade Challenges Free Essays

Introduction Gilder (2012) defines poverty as a deprivation of basic human needs. These comprise of material and non-material needs that are required to facilitate a comfortable life. High levels of poverty lead to social exclusion, which limits the capability of individuals or groups to actively contribute towards community or national development as a result of limited resources (Nolan Whelan, 2010). We will write a custom essay sample on Global Poverty Trends and Global Trade Challenges or any similar topic only for you Order Now Several efforts have been made to increase the income of people across the globe to enable them afford basic needs. Most of the people that have affected by poverty are from developing countries in Africa, Asia, and South America (World Bank, 2013). There have also been efforts aimed at increasing the affordability of these basic items. Such efforts include placing subsidies on basic commodities, which have been successfully implemented in countries like Egypt (Reuters, 2013). Even with these efforts in place, there are several other factors that limit the success of these efforts, especially in developing countries (Alkire Foster, 2011). Some of these factors include corruption, brain drain of educated professionals and unequal price distribution, which often creates a wide gap between the rich and poor. According to statistics from the World Bank, a total population of 1.22 billion across the globe lived under the poverty line (spending $1.25 per day). Comparing this to 1990 whe re the statistics were at 1.91 billion living under the poverty line, an improvement has been made (World Bank, 2013). This is a clear indication of the effectiveness of strategies that have been implemented to fight poverty. This paper intends to present an in-depth discussion of poverty and transformations that have taken place within the past four decades. It also seeks to examine the social, political and economic challenges that result from global trade and inequality. Poverty and its Causes As mentioned in the previous section of this report, poverty is the deprivation of basic material and non-material needs. It is classified into absolute and relative poverty. The present-day absolute poverty line has been set by the Word Bank at $1.5 and $2.5 a day (Couch et al., 2010). Relative poverty is referred to as an estimate of inequalities in income. It is usually calculated as the percentage of people that live below a certain income median (Couch et al., 2010). Given that economic conditions vary from one country to another, the causes of poverty in different countries also differ. Pointers of poverty include unemployment, homelessness, famine, poor sanitation, high infant mortality rates and illiteracy (Gilder, 2012). With reference to developing countries, one of the key causes is the rapid increase in population. A good example of this is India, where the annual population increase for the last 45 years has been at an average of 2.2% (Karuna, 2012). This translates to a n addition of 17 million people annually, which causes a strain on the available resources, making it difficult to sufficiently cater for their basic needs. Governments have the responsibility of ensuring that the livelihoods of their citizens are improved. However, vices, such as corruption, limit the possibility of attaining the poverty reduction objectives. According to (Johnston, 2009), corruption diverts, distorts and delays growth in economy. As a result of corruption, the elite or wealthy in the country continue progressing while the poor or less privileged plunge deeper into poverty. The poor are also denied access to health, education and other social services that are needed to empower them to effectively contribute towards national building (Fisman Miguel, 2008). Illiteracy also contributes towards an increase in poverty because it limits the capability of individuals to be innovative or entrepreneurial, resulting in an overdependence on natural resources or foreign ai d (Teal, 2011). Other factors that contribute to the poverty statistics include unemployment, inflation, lack of capital to support entrepreneurship and a general lack effective policies that are meant to eliminate poverty. Khan and Bashir (2012) argue that poverty is a complicated phenomenon, which makes it quite challenging to exhaustively explain its causes. Some of the theorists in this field, such as Furnham and Gunter (1984) are of the view that people who are prone to poverty are those who have little or no regard for the future. Instead, they use up their resources to â€Å"live for the moment† (Andersen Taylor, 2007). Other theorists argue that the poor have feelings of inferiority, hopelessness and powerlessness, which are passed on from generation to generation. As a result, it becomes difficult for their economic predicaments to be solved. Whilst these views are based on the notion that the poor have themselves to blame for their situations, other are of the view that among the poor, there are those who have the will to work hard if they are given the chance. However, they are limited by their inability to access education that is a prerequisite for obtaining well-paying jobs (Gilde r, 2012). Poverty Trends over the last 40 years Even though it is challenging to get accurate statistics on the actual changes that have taken place in poverty statistics over the last ten decades, a general improvement has been recorded in poverty eradication efforts (World Bank, 2013). In a report by the UN that explored poverty trends between 1981 and 2005, the findings indicated that even though the developing world still has the highest poverty levels, there has been a significant reduction in the severity and depth of extreme poverty, 0.5 billion less people living under the poverty line in 2005 than in 1981 (United Nations, 2010). This is arguably a positive move, given that these are the regions that record the highest levels of population growth. One of the factors that are responsible for these trends is expansion in the global economy, which has resulted in higher average per capita income levels, both in developing ad developed nations (Collier Dollar, 2002). Comparing the current income with the 1960s, there has been an average growth in GDP levels at an average annual rate of 4.1%, while the high and middle income countries have had their GDPs increase by averages of 3.2% and 4.2% per annum respectively. The chart below represents the global poverty trends between 1981 and 2005 (United Nations, 2010). Despite the improvements indicated in Fig. 1 above, a projected increase in populations of developing countries points out the necessity of their governing bodies to ensure that they formulate appropriate policies that will ensure sustenance in economic growth (World Bank, 2012). This is a prerequisite for poverty eradication. Even though it is a general view of the majority that poverty affects developing countries, developed nations are also directly affected by it. For instance, the United States of America has a total population of 46 million living in poverty (Povertyusa.org, 2013). Unlike the general poverty line that is set for the global statistics, a family of four with an annual income of less than the set threshold of $23,050 can be referred to as living in poverty (HHS, 2012). In the UK, the threshold is at ?100 per week for an adult, ?183 per week for a household with two adults and ?268 for a household of four, which comprises of two adults and two children (Clay et al. , 2012). Poverty trends within the past few decades also indicate the notable differences in economic growth in different countries. For instance, between 1999 and 2005, there was a significant general decline in the population living on under $1.25 a day (United Nations, 2010). However, the highest decline occurred in the Pacific and East Asia, which were then characterized by explosive growths in the economy and improved living standards, especially in China. The chart below represents the trends of people living under $1.25 a day in different world regions (United Nations, 2010). From the trends on the chart above, it is evident that while the overall number of people living below $1.25 a day is reducing, Sub-Saharan African countries are among those facing challenges in attaining this poverty reduction goal. On the other hand, countries from East Asia and the Pacific are among those that have managed to register a significant reduction of the number of people living below this poverty line (United Nations, 2010).The Effects of Poverty on Business There are several effects that poverty has on the business environment. The most direct impact of poverty on business is that there is a minimal potential of growth. This is especially the case for businesses that deal in products or services that are not basic. The reason for this is that the majority of the target market lacks the disposable income to purchase products out of their basic needs. This explains the concentration of businesses in urban centres, where the average income is usually the highest. One of the main outcomes of poverty is crime, where the poor engage in different criminal activities to get themselves out of poverty. Some of the main crimes include robbery and corruption. According to kipo, any crime that results from poverty has a significantly adverse impact on business. For instance, violent robbery scares potential clients and a result, limits the levels sales. In addition to the potential reduction of business sales, businesses are also at a risk of losing their revenue to insecurity. From the findings presented in fig. 2 above that indicate a drop in the levels of poverty, it can be inferred that the consequences for the business environment is also positive. This is exhibited by the overall growth in the number of businesses across the world. Challenges Arising from International Trade and Global Inequality As globalization gradually increases in the present-day business environment, there are different opportunities and challenges that are presented as a result of this (Bigman, 2002). Some of the opportunities that globalization has presented include elimination of national barriers to facilitate trade between nations and increased foreign direct investments in developing and emerging economies to capture the available market opportunities (Foskett Maringe, 2010). This has also contributed to an overall increase in the average per-capita income across the world. However, with these opportunities come underlying challenges that mainly result from global inequalities and international trade (Apple, 2013). The implications that the international trade and global inequality have on business are discussed in this section. Social Challenges As the effects of globalization continue to be felt across the world, one of the key challenges that occur as a result of this is brain drain. Often referred to as capital flight, this is the movement or immigration or people with high levels of skills, knowledge and intelligence from a particular country to another (Agrawal et al., 2011). This mainly affects developing countries, where their academic elite immigrate to developing nations in pursuance of better opportunities. Even though it can be argued as a positive move for the individuals who are moving out, the cumulative impact on the home nation is adverse (Docquier Rapoport, 2012). The World Bank estimates that by 1990, the human capital that had moved from Africa to other developed countries could be equated to 40% of its wealth (approximately $360 billion) (Ndulu, 2004). Developing countries are usually characterized by capital scarcity and therefore, further loss of this scarce resource to developed countries undermines the sustainability and development potentials of these developing nations. Professionals that move to developed countries could otherwise positively contribute towards the long-term improvement of the business and socio-economic statuses of these countries. However, their moves can be justified because of the limited opportunities presented in the developing countries (Agrawal et al., 2011). Another challenge lies in the diversity of cultures, religions and other social frameworks (Collier Dollar, 2002). Globalization has been characterized by increased diversities that have brought about tensions in several business aspects, especially human resource management (Docquier Rapoport, 2012). Currently, one of the most sensitive challenges in human resource management is cultural diversity. Thus, it is vital for human resource managers to ensure that the business environment is balanced enough to accommodate people from different economic backgrounds (Crane Matten, 2004). Other soci al challenges include racial discrimination, human trafficking and threatening of family units as members move into other nations in search of better lives. Global inequality can also refer to the unequal distribution of professional or entrepreneurial skills across the globe. The effect of this on business is that it makes it difficult for businesses operating in some regions to get employees with the desired skills locally. As a result of this, companies spend more money either training employees or hiring expatriates from other countries. Economic Challenges The inequalities that exist in different nations also pose economic challenges on the countries, their citizens and companies that invest in those countries (Nolan Whelan, 2010). One of the economic challenges is because of the different currencies that are used in different countries across the world. Fluctuations in these currency exchange rates have a wide range of repercussions on the company revenues (Bigman, 2002). Global trade has also resulted in the rise of new international powers, commonly referred to as emerging economies. These include Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRICS) (Collier Dollar, 2002). Whilst this can be considered as a move in the right direction for these economies, the fact that they are recording faster economic growth rates that other economies has an effect on the international trade structures, the flow of human capital and natural resource-consumption patterns (Bigman, 2002). Another economic challenge is brought about by the inequalities in income levels of different countries, which may cause multinationals to take advantage of this to pay workers in developing countries poorly and overwork them as they seek cheap labour (Collier Dollar, 2002). An example of this was highlighted by (Chamberlain, 2011) that in South China, workers at Apple work for excessive hours to meet the international demands of the company’s products. Foxconn is also another example of companies that provide workers, especially in developing countries with draconian working conditions, which occasionally lead to employee suicides (Chamberlain, 2011). Political Challenges Political challenges that affect global trade comprise of those that are outside the control of governments and those perpetrated by the government or the political elite (Henry Springborg, 2010). One of the challenges is created by governments is corruption, especially in developing countries. Countries that are known to be corrupt often have political leaders who require favours from companies in form of bribes or job positions before being allowed to operate smoothly (Reuters, 2013). One key disadvantage of this is that companies that stick to their ethical codes of conduct may either be denied investment opportunities or may have their operations disrupted by rogue government officials. This results into an imbalanced competitive environment in favour of corrupt businesses. Some of the most corrupt countries in the world are North Korea, Libya, Iraq, Syria and Somalia, which are all developing countries (Reuters, 2013). High tax tariffs and interest rates on loans are also polit ical challenges that increase capital expenditures of investors and a result, reduce their profit margins (McGrew, 2000). Political challenges that are caused by factors out of the government’s influence include revolutions, wars, strikes and terrorism (Campante Chor, 2012). One of the most recent events that paused challenges to businesses in Arab countries was the Arab spring that started in 2010, which affected many Arab countries in Northern Africa and the Middle East (Willis, 2012). Others include constant terrorism activities that take place, perpetrated by extremist movements. For instance, Nigeria is among the countries that, regardless of the rich oil reserves that they have, are accustomed to high levels of corruption, and terrorism. As a result if this, large oil companies like Agip, Shell and Mobil have had challenges operating in the country (Shah, 2014). Conclusion There are several definitions of poverty that have been given by different researchers. However, as earlier presented in the paper, it is a complicated issue whose causes cannot be exhaustively established. This paper has provided an overview of the global poverty by providing an in-depth definition of absolute and relative poverty. It has also outlined some of the key causes of poverty across the globe. Global poverty trends over the past few decades have also been discussed in this paper. Even though the trend indicates a reasonable decline in global poverty levels, some countries have not managed to eliminate poverty as much as others. Some of the countries that have effectively managed to reduce poverty significantly include those in East Asia and the Pacific. On the other hand, poverty still remains a challenge in several countries in regions like Sub Sahara Africa. With a high anticipated population growth by 2050 that is likely to increase the strain on available resources, go vernments ought to implement strategies that will contribute towards economic growth so as to sustain these growing populations. Whereas globalization has provided several opportunities for global business, it has also posed several social, political and economic challenges, especially due to the existent global inequality. Some of these challenges have also been discussed in this paper. Aspects that should be addressed in future research include the possible future global trends of poverty. References Agrawal, A., Kapur, D., McHale, J. Oettl, A., 2011. Brain drain or brain bankThe impact of skilled emigration on poor-country innovation. Journal of Urban Economics, 69(1), pp. 43-55. Alkire, S. Foster, J., 2011. Counting and multidimensional poverty measurement. Journal of Public Economics, 95(7), pp.476-87. Andersen, M.L. Taylor, ?H.F., 2007. Sociology: Understanding a Diverse Society, Updated: Understanding a Diverse Society. Mason: Cengage Learning. Apple, M.W., 2013. Thinking Internationally and Paying Our Debts: Critical Thoughts on Diversity, Globalization, and Education. Kappa Delta Pi Record, 49(3), pp.118-20. Bigman, D., 2002. Globalization and the Developing Countries: Emerging Strategies for Rural Development and Poverty Alleviation. Cambridge: CABI. Campante, F.R. Chor, D., 2012. Why was the Arab World Poised for RevolutionSchooling, Economic Opportunities, and the Arab Spring. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 26(2), pp.167-87. Chamberlain, G., 2011. Apple’s Chinese workers treated ‘inhumanely, like machines’. The Guardian, 30 April. Clay, S. et al., 2012. Family Resources Survey. London, UK: Office of National Statistics Department of Work and Pensions. Collier, P. Dollar, D?., 2002. Globalization, Growth, and Poverty: Building an Inclusive World Economy. Washington, DC: World Bank. Couch, K., Smeeding, T.M. Waldfogel, J., 2010. Fighting poverty: Attentive policy can make a huge difference. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 29(2), pp.401-07. Crane, A. Matten, D., 2004. Business ethics, a European perspective: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Docquier, F. Rapoport, H., 2012. Globalization, brain drain, and development. Journal of Economic Literature, 50(3), pp.681-730. Fisman, R. Miguel, E., 2008. Economic gangsters: corruption, violence, and the poverty of nations. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Foskett, N. Maringe, ?F., 2010. Globalization and Internationalization in Higher Education: Theoretical, Strategic and Management. New York: Continuum. Furnham, A. Gunter, B., 1984. Just world beliefs and attitudes towards the poor. British Journal of Social Psychology, 23(3), pp.265-69. Gilder, G., 2012. Wealth and Poverty: A New Edition for the Twenty-first Century. Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing. Henry, C.M. Springborg, R., 2010. Globalization and the Politics of Development in the Middle East. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. HHS, 2012. 2012 HHS Poverty Guidelines. [Online] Available at: http://aspe.hhs.gov/poverty/12poverty.shtml [Accessed 30 December 2013]. Johnston, M., 2009. Poverty and Corruption. Forbes, 22 January. Karuna, O., 2012. 10 main causes of Poverty in India. [Online] Available at: http://www.preservearticles.com/201107189264/what-are-the-main-causes-of-poverty-in-india.html [Accessed 30 December 2013]. Khan, R.E.A. Bashir, H.N., 2012. Trade, poverty and inequality nexus: the case of Pakistan. World Applied Science Journal, 18(5), pp.722-26. McGrew, A., 2000. Sustainable globalization?: the global politics of development and exclusion in the new world order. In Allen, T. A, T. Poverty and development into the 21st century. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Ndulu, B.J., 2004. Human Capital Flight: Stratification, Globalization, and the Challenges to Tertiary Education in Africa. Journal of Higher Education in Africa, 2(1), pp.57-91. Nolan, B. Whelan, C.T., 2010. Using non?monetary deprivation indicators to analyze poverty and social exclusion: Lessons from EuropeJournal of Policy Analysis and Management, 29(2), pp.305-25. Povertyusa.org, 2013. More than 46 million Americans live in Poverty USA. [Online] Available at: http://www.povertyusa.org/ [Accessed 30 December 2013]. Reuters, 2013. Food price rises put restive Egypt on edge. Reuters, 13 March. Reuters, 2013. The 10 Most Corrupt and Least Corrupt Countries in the World. Reutersr, 3 December. Shah, A., 2014. Nigeria and Oil. [Online] Available at: http://www.globalissues.org/article/86/nigeria-and-oil [Accessed 6 January 2014]. Teal, F., 2011. The price of labour and understanding the causes of poverty. Labour Economics, 18, pp.7-15. United Nations, 2010. Report on the World Social Situation 2010: Rethinking Poverty. New York: United Nations United Nations. Willis, M.J., 2012. Politics and Power in the Maghreb: Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco from Independence to the Arab Spring. London: C. Hurst Co. World Bank, 2012. World Development Indicators. Washington, DC: World Bank: Development Data Group. World Bank, 2013. Poverty Overview. [Online] Available at: http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/overview [Accessed 30 December 2013]. How to cite Global Poverty Trends and Global Trade Challenges, Essay examples

Taylor and Friedman

Question: Discuss about the Taylor and Friedman. Answer: The video Ford and Taylor scientific management opens with the story of Vulcan Motor Company Limited in the United Kingdom. The workers in the company manufactured cars using slow and unscientific ways that took weeks to manufacture cars. The production process was costly which added to the high cost of the cars. Only the rich people who could buy those costly cars and they were looked upon as status symbols. The founder of Ford Motor Company, Henry Ford was influenced by the scientific management of production methods of Fredrick Taylor(Ford.com 2017). He introduced the system of assembly line to manufacture cars. The cars passed from one point of the line to the next where the workers worked on them. Henry Ford believed that vertical integration of assembly would bring about faster and innovative integration of several parts (Argyres and Mostafa 2016). He prevented all sorts of trade union interference to ensure uninterrupted production and efficient management of the employees. Th e workers faced problems while working on the newly introduced automatic production system and some of them left the job. Henry Ford in order to motivate the employees and to ensure smooth production increased the wages. This scientific management proposed by Taylor and adopted by Ford spread into the other automobile companies. It became famous even in the European countries like Germany and led to foundation of systems like Diversified Quality Production or DQP (Sorge and Streeck 2016). The scientific management at Fords also found mention when David Moore, a Ford Foundry worker was interviewed. Section 2: The workers in Australia, Europe and America should adopt Taylorism and Fords style of working. Today every organisation has to compete with strong competitors which demands them to produce goods in high numbers and at cheaper costs. Taylorism stresses on scientific management of the resources like human resources and machinery. Even today there are millions of manufacturers in Europe, Australia and America who work in the small scale industry. These industries produce goods using manual labour (Uhl 2016). Application of Taylorism will help these factories to increase their production which will increase the efficiency of the workers. Taylorism is applied in the scripts of the call centres all over the world. The scripts are designed to adapt to needs of the customer on the other side of the line. The script may be digital or be in a hard copy. The scripts contain questions which the telephonic callers use to communicate with the consumer using computer or telephone lines. The process is systematically controlled and the calls are distributed automatically. The video tells stories which are aged around hundreds of years back and today most consider the Fords techniques outdated. This may be true for the multinational companies which keeping on innovating their production processes. However, there are many poor countries use unscientific methods of production. For example, the construction industries in the poor countries of South Asia lack modern technology used in the developed economy in civil construction. These construction processes in these countries should adopt Taylorism to increase to increase the pace of production (Amjad et al. 2015). They should also scientifically manage their resources and labour to ensure that the production can be done within shorter time. This will increase the efficiency, production and economies of scale which will lead of increase in GDP. Week 2 Activity 1: Section 1: Thomas Friedman in his first oration spoke about three eras of globalisation and their effects on the world. The first era was about global arbitrage and shrank the world from large to medium. The second was characterised by colonisation of various parts of the world by industrialized nations like Britain and Spain. This colonisation made the size of the appear even smaller. The next stage of globalisation led to companies exploring new markets and spreading their operations into other countries. The final stage of globalisation is the empowerment of individual to communicate with the world and carry out transactions. The second oration has the orator and friend discover environment friendly dishes in Peru which the latter promoted and sold in China. Section 2: As Friedman described in his oration that the world has become flat due to globalisation where today individuals have the power to communicate and transact with the world. He also said that if something has to be done will be done because people have to do what they want to do. His speech can also be interpreted that the radical powers like terrorism has gained considerable power using science and technology to operate around the world (Lutz and Lutz 2014). Friedmans iron rule of the flat world suggests that today world business education and drive towards entrepreneurship has empowered the companies to explore new strategic areas of innovation and improvement (Cairns 2014). The level of globalisation is not uniform across the world which is evident from the varying level of advancements and developments in various countries. Some countries like the United States are developed while countries like India and China are future economic giants sharing markets and resources for mutual developments. For example, Ford is an American automobile company which caters to India and even has an India subsidiary in the country (Ford India 2017). There are poor countries like Ethiopia and Nepal who are extremely underdeveloped and are dependent on the richer countries even to meet their basic requirements (Global Finance Magazine 2017). (Appendix 1) Conclusion: The study of the two activities reveals two very important aspects of the flat world. The first aspect is that Taylorism which was adopted by Ford in his factory was responsible for bringing about revolution in the automobile industry around the world. The application may seem outmoded to the multinational companies but there are several factories where Taylorism can be applied to revolutionise their production. The second lesson is that individuals have great responsibility in todays era of globalisation. References: Amjad, R., Chandrasiri, S., Nathan, D., Raihan, S., Verick, S. and Yusuf, A., 2015. What holds back manufacturing in South Asia.Economic and Political Weekly,50(10), pp.36-45. Argyres, N. and Mostafa, R., 2016. Knowledge inheritance, vertical integration, and entrant survival in the early US auto industry.Academy of Management Journal,59(4), pp.1474-1492. Cairns, J., 2014. Contextual disparities in pro-life positions. Ford India. 2017. Home. [online] Available at: https://www.india.ford.com/ [Accessed 13 Apr. 2017]. Ford.com. 2017. Ford Dealers | Locate a Ford Dealer Near You | Ford.com. [online] Available at: https://www.ford.com/dealerships/ [Accessed 13 Apr. 2017]. Global Finance Magazine. 2017. Global Finance Magazine - The Poorest Countries in the World. [online] Available at: https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/the-poorest-countries-in-the-world?page=12 [Accessed 13 Apr. 2017]. Lutz, B.J. and Lutz, J.M., 2014. Economic, social and political globalization and terrorism.The Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies,39(2), p.186. Pepsico.com. 2017. PepsiCo's Global Websites. [online] Available at: https://www.pepsico.com/Home/GlobalSites [Accessed 13 Apr. 2017]. Sorge, A. and Streeck, W., 2016.Diversified quality production revisited the transformation of production systems and regulatory regimes in Germany(No. 16/13). MPIfG Discussion Paper. Uhl, K., 2016. Work Spaces: From the Early-Modern Workshop to the Modern Factory Workshop and Factory.

Lab #1 free essay sample

For the investigation purpose, Eyal needs to be able to read all the files in the company’s Unix system; on the other hand, to protect the integrity of the system, Eyal should not be able to modify any file. To achieve this goal, Ron, the superuser of the system, wrote a special set-root-uid program (see below), and then gave the executable permission to Eyal. This program requires Eyal to type a file name at the command line, and then it will run /bin/cat to display the specified file. Since the program is running as a root, it can display any file Eyal specifies. However, since the program has no write operations, Ron is very sure that Eyal cannot use this special program to modify any file. †¢ Set q = 0 in the program. This way, the program will use system() to invoke the command. Is this program safe? If you were Eyal, can you compromise the integrity of the system? For example, can you remove any file that is not writable to you? (Hint: remember that system() actually invokes /bin/sh, and then runs the command within the shell environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab #1 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We have tried the environment variable in the previous task; here let us try a different attack.Please pay attention to the special characters used in a normal shell environment). †¢ Set q = 1 in the program. This way, the program will use execve() to invoke the command. Are your attacks in task (a) still work? Please describe and explain your observations. 6) Relinquishing privileges and cleanup. To be more secure, Set-UID programs usually call setuid() system call to permanently relinquish their root privileges. However, sometimes, this is not enough. Compile the following program, and make the program a set-root-uid program. Run it in a normal user account, and describe what you have observed. Will the file /etc/zzz be modified?Please explain your observation. Advanced Set-uid security If your program must run setuid or setgid, make sure to use the privileges properly so that an attacker cannot exploit other possible vulnerabilities in your program and gain these additional privileges. You should perform whatever work requires the additional privileges as early in the program as possible, and you should drop the extra privileges immediately after that work is done. While many programmers may be aware of the need to drop privileges, many more are not. Worse, those who do know to drop privileges rarely know how to do so properly and securely.Dropping privileges is tricky business because the semantics of the system calls to manipulate IDs for setuid/setgid vary from one Unix variant to another—sometimes only slightly, but often just enough to make the code that works on one system fail on another. On modern Unix systems, the extra privileges resulting from using the setuid or setgid bits on an executable can be dropped either temporarily or permanently. It is best if your program can do what it needs to with elevated privileges, then drop those privileges permanently, but thats not always possible.If you must be able to restore the extra privileges, you will need to be especially careful in your program to do everything possible to prevent an attacker from being able to take control of those privileges. We strongly advise against dropping privileges only temporarily. You should do everything possible to design your program such that it can drop privileges permanently as quickly as possible. We do recognize that its not always possible to do—the Unix passwd command is a perfect example: the last thing it does is use its extra privileges to write the new password to the password file, and it cannot do it any sooner.Data Type: uid_t This is an integer data type used to represent user IDs. In the GNU library, this is an alias for unsigned int. Data Type: gid_t This is an integer data type used to represent group IDs. In the GNU library, this is an alias for unsigned int. Function: uid_t getuid (void) The getuid function returns the real user ID of the process. Function: gid_t getgid (void) The getgid function returns the real group ID of the process. Function: uid_t geteuid (void) The geteuid function returns the effective user ID of the process. Function: gid_t getegid (void) The getegid function returns the effective group ID of the process.

The Impacts of Introducing an E-Commerce System to an Organisation Essay Example

The Impacts of Introducing an E The Impacts of Introducing an E-Commerce System to an Organisation Essay The Impacts of Introducing an E-Commerce System to an Organisation Essay The impacts of introducing an e-commerce system to the organisation are followed: Organisation can carry out their business without concerning about time and distance. Customer just can log in to organisation’s website whenever they wish to and purchase in single mouse click. Organisation eliminates processing errors; make it faster and convenient for the visitor. Organisation can sell their services/products directly to customers while cutting the costs of traditional retailing method. E. g. E-tailer does not have to spend so much on an expensive high street company. Organisation can reach much wider customers; which means organisation can sell their products/services worldwide rather than being limited to one place. Requires low running cost compare to introducing business on land based. Helps organisation to reduce the delivery time, labour cost and the cost incurred in various area such as document preparation, error detection and correction, reconciliation, mail preparation, telephone calling, supervision expenses etc. The risks of introducing an e-commerce system to an organisation: Risk to organisation information and intellectual property from internal staff and trading partners. It is difficult to control how sensitive information will be handled by third parties or contract workers. Hacker exploitation could cause errors in software applications design, technical implementation or system operation. System could be subject virus attack which may cause non-deliberate alteration on organisation images or web messages. Hence organisation will face embarrassment and damage to business reputation. Credit card payment fraud. Malicious attack from inside or outside the organisation. Technical failure or infrastructure failure which could put halt on the business. Organisation could lose customers hence revenue until system get back on running.

What is art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

What is art - Essay Example It is difficult for an ordinary person to understand the essence of the pictures and the idea of Witkin. My gut reaction to the series of the pictures was quite emotional, because it comprises much dark colors and strange combinations. The pictures seem quite weird to me and my emotional response was more negative than positive, though there was something in them, which attracted my attention. It made me feel that way, because it had very strong symbolic meaning. The obvious thematic and formal qualities of the works are people, darkness and suffering. The pictures also contain symbolic combinations of different items, for example fruits and cut arm (â€Å"Anna Akhmatova†), a unique combination of skeleton and arrows in it (â€Å"Queer Saint†), representation of naked woman with cut legs and fingers (â€Å"Humor and fear†) and so forth. There are some elements, which make the pictures significant. The people, represented on the pictures by the author are always n aked. It greatly contributed to these works, because they represent the native spirit of the human being, his origination. The method, used by the author, makes the works more real and sensual. The works of Witkin are very alike with the pictures of such famous painters as Francisco Goya, Frida Kahlo, Botticelli and others. The visual sense of the works is revealed through the religious influence. The word â€Å"Redemption† expresses the act of forgiveness, which clears everybody from the past sins. â€Å"Love and Redemption† belongs to the fine art, photography. The compositions are influenced by the Baroque style. They can be described as religious, informative, confusing and distracting, because the main (usually dark) plan of the photo distracts the attention of the viewer from the main idea. I associate these photos with the following metaphors â€Å"body constriction†, â€Å"travelling pain†. It reminds me

The Nurse And The Old Mans Hospital Room Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Nurse And The Old Mans Hospital Room - Essay Example The nurse was exemplary because she illustrated the characteristics of an excellent nurse- sympathetic, tolerant, and intelligent. While the nurse was outstanding, the hospital room was ordinary, but the gifts and contents that surrounded my Uncle made it look like a part of our home. The room was plain in colors and design. It had white walls with crumbling paint, some cracks in the walls, and simple layout of a bed and a table, which was common for public hospitals. It was white and clean. It was similar to every other hospital I had been too. Though the room was a familiar sight, everything else from our family and friends brought it to life. Uncle’s wife brought another table and some chairs. The table had two transparent cabinets, and one could see the packs of biscuits, chips, and candies inside, for the visitors. Another layer had dried fruits and sachets of coffee and chocolate drinks. At the side of the table were bags of home-cooked food, such as stewed fish and vege tables, rice, and tilapia in coconut milk. There were also baskets of fruits of every color- watermelon, bananas, apples, and oranges. I could smell the food fighting away the scents of alcohol, medicine, and antiseptics. Apart from food, pots, and bouquets of flowers were everywhere. My favorite was a bouquet of yellow flowers with pink edges. They looked brightly colorful and smelled wonderful. My Aunt put this in a vase and placed it on the table. Then, some vivid blue and green balloons were nearby too, as well as piles of cards and letters.

Inequality undermines democracy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Inequality undermines democracy - Assignment Example ality provokes a generalized anger that finds target where it can-immigrants, foreign countries, American elites, government in all forms-and it rewards demagogues while discrediting reformers†. I find this to be the key sentence because it encapsulated the ultimate danger that inequality can bring which is anger that begets hatred. The anger that begets hatred wrought by inequality as enunciated in those sentences to target where it can is not only in peculiar in the US but also in other countries and culture. In fact, these effects of anger wrought inequality are universal. What will change is the target but it will always find a target to vent that anger and hatred. Notice in countries, societies and cultures where there is so much anger, hatred, animosity, murder and other forms of onslaught – they have one common denominator which is inequality. Inequality which breeds poverty as Parker explained in his other sentence â€Å"creates a lopsided economy†. This inequality that breeds anger and hatred undermines democracy which explains why Parker ended his article with the sentence â€Å"Inequality undermines democracy†. He used the operating word â€Å"undermining† to illustrate that inequality is incompatible with democracy. Democracy, which provides an equal opportunity for all cannot thrive in an environment where equal opportunity cannot be had due to inequality. It cannot also thrive in any country or society where there is so much anger due to inequality because such anger would also target democracy

Media Comparison: Egypt and Hong Kong

Media Comparison: Egypt and Hong Kong Wenting 1 Questions 3 Select any specific aspect(s) of mass media in one of the following four countries – Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan and South Korea –, and compare it/them with another country of your choice. Discuss the similarities and/or differences between the two countries. Specific aspect(s) can be: media system, media history, media control/ regulation, media content, media policy, new media etc. Introduction The media plays an important role in informing the population about the current activities within and outside the country. The media also points out the evils of the current government. This is the reason why most government tries to restrict all forms of media such as print and press. In order to fully appreciate the significance of the role of the media in a nation, a cast study of Egypt and Hong Kong have been selected for analysis. Two aspects of the media have been selected, the media control/regulation and the media history of these two nations. These two countries have been selected because they both have similar and different aspects in relation to their media. These two nations have also experienced unprecedented changes in the past decade and hence forming a fundamental basis for analysis on the past and current challenges affecting the media. Similarities between Egypt and Hong Kong media Egypt and Hong Kong have experienced a number of similarities regarding their media histories. They have both experienced pervasive government regulation. Egyptian media has been controlled by government agencies with majority of the media house being state owned. On the other hand, after the 1997 handover, Hong Kong media has experienced increasing control by the Chinese government which took over from the British colonial power. Majority of the Hong Kong media senior personnel have been absorbed by the Communist government. With the unfolding of these events, in 2011, Hong Kong Press Freedom Index dropped significantly to 54th place from 34th (Weisenhaus, D 2014, p.273).This was a significant drop and a demonstration of the unfolding events regarding media control in Hong Kong under the watchful eye of the Communist government. As such, both Egypt and Hong Kong have experienced a considerable media control from various governmental agencies (Hackler 2006, p.331). Both Egypt and Hong Kong have laws that protect the freedom of press, in Egypt, Article 48 of the constitution states that the freedom of press, publication and information is protected. The law further states that any censorship of the newspaper is also prohibited; this includes suspending and warning of newspapers by the administration. This law only permits limited censorship of any material being disseminated in the media in times of crisis that has a direct effect on the country’s security. Similarly, in Hong Kong, the Basic Law, Article 27 protects the freedom of publication and press in the country (Chan So 2002, p.324). There are other provisions under Article 39 which further protect the media (Chan So 2002, p.324). Both of these countries thus have provisions that protect the freedom of the media despite the challenges experienced in both cases. According to Sakr (2013, p. 45) Egyptian journalism has been struggling to gain freedom from the executive control. In the wake of 2005 multi-candidate elections, embolden journalist were inspired to go beyond the norm and report massive corruption, and other evils of the government. Major changes in the media structure materialized in 2011 as journalist found loopholes in the internet to circumvent government initiatives of restricting the media. Evading proxies and other internet restrictions were used to gain access to social media such as Facebook and Twitter. Journalist used this informal online space to challenge misinformation from the mainstream media about the declining popularity of dictatorial leadership under the former president Hosni Mubarak. This media control struggle continued after the Mubarak and Mosri regime to the current regime under President Sisi. The government under these three presidents has always struggled to control the media in order to advance their in terest and hide the shortcomings of their leadership. Similarly, in Hong Kong, during the British administration, the media was given freedom but there were restrictions especially regarding the British administration. The government encouraged criticism of the communist nations including China but restricted dissemination of information criticizing the British government. After the handover of control in 1997, the Chinese government has further tightened the grip on public media control by absorbing major players in the industry and firing those who reject their ideals. This is clearly evidenced by the sacking and murder of Kevin Lau, a renowned journalist early this year. The struggle to free the media from restrictive government control is bound to continue in these two nations. Differences between Egypt and Hong Kong media The media histories of these two nations are different in many ways. These differences are mainly because of the governments that have been in control over time. Hong Kong was under British control for 150 years until 1997. Over this period, Hong Kong enjoyed press freedom as there was no censorship as compared to the mainland China. Citizens were allowed to criticize Chinese regimes. As a result, Hong Kong became the home to major Asian media such as Asian Wall Street Journal, and Epoch Times, and the anti-communist group. On the contrary, Egypt media has been heavily controlled by the state in all sectors including news agencies, broadcast and print media. In fact, the leading Egyptian news houses such as Al-Akhbar(The News), Dar Al-Tahrir (The Liberation House) and Al-Ahram (The Pyramids) are all controlled and owned by the government. The Shura Council manages appointments of editors and other key decision making people in the media (Kouddous 2011). According to Kouddous (2011) 8 4 % of the population in Egypt depends on the public media such as the TV as the main source of information. The internet is however increasing in popularity as the main source of information to the population; this was particularly evident during its recent revolution that led to the ousting of the Mubarak regime. The other major difference between Hong Kong and Egypt is the fact that Hong Kong has not experienced any major media struggle as it was recently experienced in Egypt. Despite the fears experienced after 1997 when China resumed control of Hong Kong, the fears against free press did not materialize. Hong Kong media protection is deeply rooted in the constitution; Article 27 of Hong Kong basic law as well as Article 16 of the Bill of Rights. On the contrary, Egypt has experienced an intense struggle for a free media especially under the Mubarak regime. According to Kouddous (2011) during the uprising, most bloggers and journalist were arrested, harassed and executed by the regime for reporting contentious issues in the media. Despite the long historical state control of the public media in Egypt, the trend has taken another turn especially after the ousting of the Mubarak regime. The dominantly state owned satellite TV before 2011 are now being owned by individuals who are not pro-government. According to Iskander (2012, p.123) privately owned newspapers has increased since 2011.Majority of the Egyptian population is now online; about 29.8 million by 2012 (Sakr 2013, p.47). Notably, during the 2011 uprising, the social media, mainly Facebook and Twitter were used to organize massive riots that saw the end of the Mubarak regime. This is a positive indicator to the trend in the control of the media in Egypt. Alternative media such as online social media which is hard to control is continually forcing the government and other regulatory bodies to relax their grip on the media. Conversely, the less regulated media in Hong Kong is facing threats from the government. Recently, on the 26th February 2014, Kevin L au, a renowned journalist known for his firm reporting against the Chinese government was murdered by an assailant suspected to be a government agent (Weisenhaus, D 2014, p.277). Massive demonstrations were witnessed as a result of Lau’s brutal murder. Conclusion As critically discussed, there are a number of similarities and differenced between the histories and regulations of Egypt and Hong Kong media. Egypt has been under government control for decades despite the provisions allowing for free press. Similarly, Hong Kong freedom of press has been restricted by the Chinese administration, despite the freedom experienced under the British colony, some restriction against publications that dented the British government existed. With the current Chinese regime, Hong Kong’s media has suffered a major blow that has seen it drop in ranks according to the Press Freedom Index. Both nations have experienced violence and incarcerations of renowned journalist. The recent murder of Kevin Lau in Hong Kong is an example of this unfolding. In Egypt, all the three regimes, the Mubarak, Morsi and Sisi have imprisoned and incarcerated journalist who report information which gouges the image of the current regime. On the other hand, Egypt has had a long history of press restriction until 2005-2011 which marked the start of a free press through alternative information dissemination such as the internet. Conversely, Hong Kong has enjoyed a significant press freedom over the past 145 years under the British colony. This has seen Hong Kong provide a safe home for major international media such as the Asian Wall Street Journal. This foundation has however been shaken by the Chinese regime which took over from the British control in 1997. As such, these countries have experienced both similar and different media challenges. References Chan, MK So, AY 2002, Crisis and Transformation in Chinas Hong Kong, M.E. Sharpe,Sydney. Pp.324-329. Hackler, DL 2006, Crisis and Transformation in Chinas Hong Kong, M.E. Sharpe, Beijing. Pp. 331-343. Iskander, E 2012, Sectarian Conflict in Egypt: Coptic Media, Identity and Representation, Routledge, New York. P.123-127. Kouddous, SA 2011, After Mubarak, Fighting For Press Freedom in Egypt, The Nation, Retrieved from http://www.thenation.com/article/161555/after-mubarak-fighting-press-freedom-egypt# Sakr, N 2013, Transformations in Egyptian Journalism, I.B.Tauris, Cairo. Pp. 45-56. Weisenhaus, D 2014, Hong Kong Media Law: A Guide for Journalists and Media Professionals, Expanded Second Edition, Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong. Pp. 273-286.

Pricey Game or Home Entertainment? Essay -- Sports, Venues, Base Ball

Throughout the United States sports has taken the consumer captive, by providing them with entertainment and pleasure. Sporting venues continues to rob their loyal fans by boosting the prices of tickets, merchandise, food, and beverages. Recently over the summer, I went to see a baseball game being held at Dodgers Stadium and was horrified at the prices that I saw. My ticket alone was $40, at this price that put me just below the nosebleed section of the stadium. During the game I went to one of the vendors and was flabbergasted to see the price for a hot dog was $6.50 dollars, a drink was $3.75 and a side of fries for $4.25. Once I made my purchase I stood back and found myself feeling as if I had been cheated. The Dodgers made over $240 million in revenue in 2010, why would they want to raise the prices of the franchise? Dodger stadium can hold over fifty thousand people, but they are continuing to rob fans with these head scratching prices. With these increasing prices more and mo re people have begun to stay at their dwellings to enjoy the game on their HD TV. Most people would choose to stay home near their refrigerator and watch the next game seeing as they have a great view, comfortable seats, and free food. These prices are not only seen in baseball but also in other professional sport institutions. With the staggering decrease of the current economy, sports franchises need to realize the value of a dollar to its loyal fans, and the practicality to the average family looking for entertainment. Today the average cost of a baseball ticket is $19.85; compared to back in the 1950’s being that the average ticket price was $1.54. This price fluctuation is due to the demand of the sport as well as, â€Å"[media] focus, player salary ... ...g events, the impoverished and lower class will be left out of the running. With the lowering of the economic stand point the all American traditions are failing to keep up with these desperate times. In my opinion all sporting events have become commercial and media oriented, rather than just going to a game to have fun and to bond. In the past families would go every Sunday to a game because it was affordable, but at this day in time they cannot even attend one game. It makes one wonder what the future of the sporting world beholds for the future generations. Will sporting events become underground or will they slowly disappear? Will the world stop revolving around the constant money symbol? Being such an avid sports fan, as I am, I perceive the future of sports becoming business or corporate orientated rather than the all American pass time it was meant to be.

Books and e-books Essay

In time of technical progress e-books are getting more popular day by day, but still most of the people prefer hard copy of books and do not support new fashion wave. Book has always been the best present for any kind of occasion, it is something that does not have an expiration date and it will always be in fashion. However, you cannot give e-book as present, of course you can send my e-mail, but you cannot put your sign and it sort of loosing meaning as a present, because you cannot touch it. On the other hand prices for e-books are lower and you can get a variety of free e-books, so everyone can enjoy literature from all of the world, but you should have special gadget to read e-books, and it is additional expanses for reading. In contrast, printed books are sort of pricy, and you cannot buy as much books as you want, as a result you are not trying to read new authors whose creations had not become bestsellers. Spending money on books is good investing, because you can collect a library and after you can leave it for next generations, as I mentioned before book is the product that does not have an expiration date. Having your library in an electronic devise it is a risky business, by reason on viruses that attacking devises every day and deleting all information from them or you can just loose an e-reader with all your book collection. Also hard copy book does not need to be charged and you can read as much as you want and wherever you want, unlike e-book is charging from electricity.

14 Instagram-Worthy College Party Outfits

14 Instagram-Worthy College Party Outfits College parties are loads of fun, but they aren’t always easy to dress for. What’s too casual and what’s too dressy? When to go sexy and when to show a little school spirit? And how do you pull off specific occasions? Check out the outfits below for inspiration. #1 Stick to Smart Casual When You Dont Know What to Wear Not every college party is beer pong and local clubs. What happens if your internship throws an office bonanza? Dress smart, with well-fitting jeans or slacks, dress shoes, a blouse and blazer. Image credit: Pinterest #2 Add Playful Accessories Make your little black dress a bit more playful by adding bold jewelry and an artsy hat. This is the perfect outfit for a fun night out with your girls or to a music-themed/jazzy party. Image credit: emfashionfiles #3 Set the Vibe With Accessories If you’re more of a jeans gal, dress it up with a flowy tank and heels for a chill vibe. Perfect for a night at the bar or a spur-of-the-moment party with friends. Accessories really set the vibe for this look. Image credit: Pinterest #4 Use Your School Team Colors Tailgating parties are some of the liveliest events, and it’s worth making a little effort beyond your school tee+jean go-to. Pair a top with a skirt or shorts that matches your team colors for a festive tribute to your school. View this post on Instagram My eyes are closed because I couldnt see a thing, and its a cute picture you know it 🠤 ª . . . . . . . . . . #youmad#summer#420#summeroutfit#yellow#missguided#ohpolly#photography#promo#promoter#outfit#ideas#yellowtop#denimskirt#leicester#leic#curlyhair#summertime#inspirations#mediumhair#hairstyle#home#outdoor#promoterswanted#promotersearch#promocode#isawitfirst A post shared by ð â€™ ¦Ã° â€™ ¶Ã° â€œâ€¡Ã° â€˜â€™Ã° â€˜â€™Ã° â€œÆ'ð â€™ ¶ ð â€™ ¥Ã° â€˜â€™Ã° â€œâ€°Ã° â€™ ½Ã° â€œÅ'ð â€™ ¶ (@kareenajethwa) on Apr 20, 2019 at 9:55am PDT #5 Jumpsuits with Heels Just Perfect! A bright jumpsuit and heels will have all the heads turning. Dress it up for a party at a sophisticated event or keep it casual for a kickback with friends. View this post on Instagram You can’t go wrong with this new jumper ⠝ ¤Ã¯ ¸ Ã°Å¸â€ ¥ It’s absolutely stunning, very flattering, the color looks beautiful on all skin tones! ðŸ™Å'🠏 ¼ #bestdressed #weddingguestoutfit #fallfashion #newnewnew #shopchantillyboutique A post shared by Chantilly Boutique (@shopchantillyboutique) on Sep 13, 2018 at 8:21am PDT #6 Buy a Cute Dress for B-Day Parties The more friends, the more birthday parties you’ll be invited to! Opt for a colorful, sweet dress that you can pair with comfortable shoes like converse or dressy flats. It’s the perfect way to look flawless without upstaging the birthday girl. View this post on Instagram a cute caption #birthdaypartyoutfit #purpledress #converse #forever21 A post shared by Delilah Melendez (@missdelilahm) on Oct 22, 2017 at 5:47pm PDT #7 Choose Traditional Holiday Colors Holiday parties are magical, and if you’re celebrating the holidays with your college friends, a colorful ballroom skirt, heels and half sleeve blouse will win hearts. Worried about fitting the occasion? Opt for browns and orange around Thanksgiving, reds and greens at Christmas, and gold or black around New Year’s. What about Halloween? These college outfit ideas for Halloween will help you to look perfect. Image credit: Pinterest #8 How About Tying a Regular T-Shirt? Headed to a frat party? Bar-hopping with the girls? Convert your everyday essentials into a fun, flirty outfit by grabbing a front tie shirt or tying a regular t-shirt and wearing your favorite cut-off shorts. View this post on Instagram If I’m gonna buy bubble tea just for a picture, I should atleast post more than one right? 😋 Happy Friday angels! ðŸâ€" ¤ A post shared by Ann Liwanag 🕊 Travel Style (@aliwanaagg) on Aug 17, 2018 at 1:10pm PDT #9 Youll Never Lose By Choosing Denim Shorts Denim shorts and crop tops are a great option for darties early in the semester when the weather is still hot. Opt for a dark pair of shorts with a patterned top or keep with simple with a plain top and lighter-colored denim. View this post on Instagram black blue. @edi.bee A post shared by who . wear . what (@who.wear.what) on May 29, 2019 at 10:12pm PDT #10 Try a Printed Skirt You can’t get more straightforward than this printed mini skirt paired with a classic black tee and fun accessories. This is a great option is you’re playing it safe at a dorm party or getting the first taste of college nightlife.. You’ll look hip and feel comfortable all at once. https://theartoffashion11-blog.tumblr.com/post/36911640372 #11 Consider Leggings Leggings and crop tops are the ultimate party comfort, and with the right fit and color combination, you’ll be the high-fashion guest of the party. Complete the look with a stylish jacket, shades and combat boots to insert a boost of color. View this post on Instagram â€Å"I’m still here with who I started with.† 💙🠐‘ #DHOE | 📠¸ @thecoolliterati A post shared by Johnny (@johnnyubric) on Oct 29, 2017 at 6:25pm PDT #12 Try 90s Fashion Did someone say 90s? Don’t throw that 90s party invite in the trash! Bold patterns, chokers, mom jeans, and multi-patterned hoodies and jackets were all the rave back in the day. Mix and match and finish off with with a thick black belt and you’ll steal the show. Image credit: Pinterest #13 Swimsuit Also Matters Whether you’re swimming or lounging, pool parties are great ways to end the summer or kick-off the season. Choose a bright, fun swimsuit and bikini and use a pair of overall shorts as your cover-up! View this post on Instagram I was just so excited I fit in this onesie again. 😎 . . . . #onesie #jumper #bikini #poolpartyoutfit #latergram #ink #tattoo #girlswithtattoos #lezbehonest #lezziegram #blueisthewarmestcolor #fitfemales #lezbehonest #lezziegram #Ã'„Ð ¸Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ½Ã' Ã'ˆÐ ºÃ ° #Ð ºÃ ¾Ã ¼Ã ±Ã ¸Ã ½Ã µÃ ·Ã ¾Ã ½ #Ð ºÃ'Æ'Ð ¿Ã °Ã »Ã'Å'Ð ½Ã ¸Ã º A post shared by Ruslana Sokolovskaya (@ruslanasky) on Aug 21, 2018 at 5:44pm PDT #14 Turn a Tee into a Dress Turn an oversized graphic tee into a sexy dress for a night out on the town or a concert after-party. Pair with combat boots and a crop jacket you’ll have an unforgettable ensemble. View this post on Instagram #DHOE A post shared by Marlee (@mar.wynn) on Oct 27, 2017 at 11:43pm PDT

Can God and Real Evil Be Reconciled

Can God and Real Evil Be Reconciled The battle between the good and evil has always fascinated people’s minds. Millions of books were written on the clash of the two forces, thousands of movies were shot to disclose the scale and the grandeur of this fight. In fact, many religions include a description of the absolute good and the absolute evil, the former being typically referred to as God, while the latter having countless number of names: devil, Satan, Beelzebub, Baal, and so on.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Can God and Real Evil Be Reconciled? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the one hand, the latter seems a complete abomination and, therefore, does not deserve the right to exist, which is emphasized especially strongly in Christianity. The evil embraces a variety of ideas and concepts, yet it is always considered as something to get rid of once and for all. Hurting and destroying evil, however, does not seem to follow the basic princi ples of Christianity, which is founded on the concept of love and forgiveness. Therefore, there is only one way to handle the concept of evil, which is to embrace it. Despite the fact that God and the Evil are traditionally opposed in Christianity, the only possible way of handling the evil should be viewed through the reconciliation of the two, since the former, as the alpha and omega of the universe, spawned the creation of the latter and is, in fact, related to it. While the existence of the evil is confirmed by the Bible, one might still find it quite controversial that God, who, according to the Bible, represents the most just, the most virtuous and the kindest entity actually allows for the evil to exist. The very idea of God allowing for evil sounds surreal enough. Indeed, according to the basic Biblical premises, God punishes sinners, i.e., the people who do evil things. However, it is still undeniable that evil is an integral part of the universe, which picks the question w hether the two are supposed to battle with each other or to reconcile. There are several answers to this question. According to one hypothesis, the fact that the evil and God coexist can be explained by the fact that there has to be dynamics between the good and evil; otherwise, the world as we know it would have ceased to exist. As Jacobs explains, most of the misunderstandings concerning the origin of the evil and the relation between God and the Evil stem from the lack of understanding of the true meaning of Good and Evil (Jacobs, 2003, 311).  Another objection against the fact that God has control over the evil concerns the absence of any actions against the evil from God. There is no record of any struggle between God and Satan in the Bible, there is no mentioning of any miracle happening in order to prevent the historical evil doers, numerous massacres, genocides and other hideous crimes against humanity have been committed despite the fact that God Almighty watches over the human race, according to what Christians say.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To solve the given conflict between the Biblical principles and the reality it will be required to explore the specifics of the Christian religion a bit closer. Among the answers to the given problem, Augustine’s Solution is mentioned most often. According to Augustine of Hippo, evil could not come from God – instead, it had to exist as a separate substance. Augustine argues that the goodness is the natural state of humans and that evil is foreign to the natural state of existence: â€Å"Evil is contrary to nature; in fact, it can only do harm to nature; and it would not be a fault to withdraw from God were it not that it is more natural to adhere him. It is that fact which makes a withdrawal a fault. That is why the choice of evil is an impressive proof that the nature is goodâ₠¬  (11.17). (Schuler, 2008, 33) Therefore, according to Schuler, Augustine’s argument is perfectly viable. As Schuler explained, â€Å"Thus, evil can be identified as that which works against the natural inclinations of human beings, and for Augustine, as for all Christians, humans were created to be naturally attracted to God† (Schuler, 2008, 33). Truly, the given argument deserves to be mentioned as a full-fledged concept of good and evil in the Christian religion. On the other hand, it should also be kept in mind that, according to the Christian religion, Lucifer, who practically is the evil himself, is a fallen angel, i.e., a has-been element of the Heaven and, therefore, the good (Scudder, 2001). As the recent theosophical researches say, the origin of Satan gives a lot of food for thoughts and, therefore, questions the origin of evil, allowing to suggest that the evil was spawned from the goodness. Even though the evidence concerning the origin of the evil in ge neral and the Satan in particular is rather vague, it is still worth mentioning that in most sources that can be defined as credible, Satan is mentioned as a has-been angel, i.e., a former resident of heaven, who decided to use his cunningness to rebel against the Lord. There are many interpretations of the given story; as far as the traditional Biblical interpretation goes, there is no exact statement concerning the Satan being a former angel, yet the following line can be interpreted as the proof that the Satan used to reside in heaven once (according to the King James version of the Bible): â€Å"How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning! how art thou cut down to the ground, which didst weaken the nations!† (Isaiah 14:12). The fact that the Lucifer was referred to as the â€Å"son of the morning,† as well as the mentioning of his fall, proves the idea that he used to belong in Heaven. Consequently, it can be assumed that the Evil was spawned fro m goodness and virtue; logically, these two must have something in common – and, in fact, they do. Both represent the farthest extremes, both have little to do with anything related to the human world due to their extremeness, and both are magically intertwined in every single person.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Can God and Real Evil Be Reconciled? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hence, it will be reasonable to assume that, when intertwined, the two neither clash, nor annihilate; instead, they represent a human being, with his/her faults, assets and moral principles. Therefore, the good and the evil cannot be considered completely incompatible; on the contrary, they mix into a peculiar meld of sin and virtue. Hence, evil should not be fought against until it finally vanishes without a trace, for it is a completely unattainable goal; instead, the good and the evil should be reconciled.  Hence, admitting the existence of evil, one will inevitably ask oneself a question concerning what the evil is needed for. There are many ways of determining the role of the evil. From Jacobs’ point of view, the two primary roles that the evil plays in the Biblical stories are 1) the concept that serves as the foil for the Goodness to evolve; 2) the concept that helps one define the line between the moral and the immoral. Without the evil as an element of the human world, it would be impossible to figure out what is good and what is bad. The evil serves as a reference point for people to draw the line between the moral and the immoral, thus, becoming able to turn into virtuous believers (Pachuau, 2007). Without the evil, one would not be able to define the concept of good actions and virtuous behavior. As a result, evil actions would be carried out eventually. The evil can be considered an element that the world needs to have as a marker for the territory that must not be trodden (Browning Reed, 2004). Even if there was no evil in the world, people would have eventually discovered it, for the humankind needs to know where the boundaries between what is allowed and what is prohibited lie.  It would be wrong to assume that, due to the relation between God and evil, the former possesses an evil element as well. Instead, the two should be viewed as two opposite entities, one of which stems from another one. Instead, it should be assumed that the evil must coexist with the good, since without the former, the latter cannot be defined. While absolute virtue is considered the ultimate goal of the Christianity, it is necessary to admit that the given goal is hardly attainable, which means that the humankind needs both the idea of the good and the idea of the evil in order to define the basic principles of morality and virtue to follow. Reference List Browning, R. L. Reed, R. A. (2004). Forgiveness, reconciliation and moral courage: Motives and designs for Ministry in a trou bled world. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Jacobs, M. R. (2003). The conceptual dynamics of good and evil in the Joseph story: An exegetical and hermeneutical inquiry. Journal of the Study of the Old Testament, 27, 309–338. Pachuau, M. (2007). Construction of good and evil in Iris Murdoch’s discourse. New Delhi, IN: Sales Office. Schuler, S. J. (2008). Augustinian Auden: The influence of Augustine of Hippo on W. H. Auden. Ann Arbor, MI: ProQuest. Scudder, P. (2001). How Jesus reconciled mankind to God. Lincoln, NE: iUniverse.

The American Dream Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

The American Dream - Essay Example Thereby, if one accesses the viability of achieving the American Dream in the current times, it seems pragmatic to assert that the American Dream does not seem as much of an achievable option today. A range of social, political and economic facts corroborate to this belief. There is no doubt that the people in America do enjoy a better quality of life as compared to many other nations. It would also be safe to say that the poor in America today are better off as compared to the past. However, it is also a reality that economic class in America is something that is getting more rigid and difficult to transcend. The gap between the rich and the poor in America is further augmenting and the poor are not poor because they are less hard working or less willing to work. Class mobility has become an aspect of the American life that has really ossified (Kamolnick 114). The other things is that though the confidence and trust of the people in their nation’s innate capacity and fertility has traditionally been subservient to the imminent economic circumstances, still it is worth mentioning that the current economic meltdown has indeed shaken the people’s faith in the American dream. This is not because the people have lost faith in the values and beliefs underlying the American society. It is because people have largely come to believe that the rich and the powerful do have the power to get away with anything (Alpasian & Mitroff 143). They have the power to bring the national economy down on its knees, and the irony is that they will not be penalized for it but will rather be rescued by commensurate economic bailouts and privileges (Alpasian & Mitroff 157). One scarcely finds the trust and belief in many of the contemporary Americans that one traces in the works of Anne Bradstreet, a belief in the possibility for individual growth and t he maturity of personal talent, irrespective of the imminent constraints and shortcomings. It appears

Proposal Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Proposal Argument - Essay Example One of the most controversial debates on the crimes committed in the world today is influenced by movie viewing, and addiction is on gun control among the youths (Spitze 217). The rapid rate of increase in criminal acts is the major reason why almost all countries in the world have to reinforce their internal and external security systems in order to ensure proper security conditions in their countries. Two questions remain to be debated on this issue; first, whether the governments should enact laws to regulate the handling of firearms in each country and secondly, whether the governments or any other formed agency should have the mandate of enforcing these rules and controls the handling of firearms across the globe. Motivated by the same spirit of the need to help straighten the bend that has started appearing in our youths of late, this paper seeks to determine the level of potentiality of the media houses to contribute to the inculcation of this outlawed vice in the young genera tion, mostly college students. This paper will therefore examine the close relationship between the movie industry and the performing art and the various related arrays of crimes that are performed these days in various parts of the world. More significantly, this analysis will be carried out on the youths of the age between fifteen years and thirty years and come up with recommendations on what is suppose to be done in order to minimize or abolish completely this rising vice around the globe. Despite all these attempts to solve the looming security threats, efforts made by various governments have yielded no mentionable success and security threats remain an issue in pursuit. However, it has been noted that most insecurity issues around the world are committed by the young generation most of whom are college students or those fresh from college. Talk about the suicide bombers, the abductors, kidnappers, rappers, the answer lies with the young man or young girl who wakes up every mo rning only to fix his or her eyes on the television always with a dozen of movie collections and a bunch of story books in a coach somewhere in the homes. Suppose you were watching, the seven o’clock news one evening after work together with your innocent son or daughter in his or her usual coach and his or her whole bunch of movie collection besides him or her and you see the police notifying the public about him or her at that moment for alleged danger potentiality. What questions will cross your mind? Will you say he or she is not the one the police are talking about? Alternatively, will you rush to the police that very moment and tell them they are mistaken in their identification and have to apologize? Romer argues that our children are endowed with everything they need to practice violence right from the house; he argues that while these young adults may look innocent before our eyes, they secretly learn these criminal acts behind our back and later on go out to practic e these vices (Romer et al 97). This has been alleged is the tie between crimes committed by most college students and the movie industry. According to Roberts and Doob, the violent movies are the most alleged sources of online lessons conducted in a manner hard to suspect for such criminal engagements. Most people